XANES sensitivity to the electronic structure further grants the possibility to probe the chemical environment, through relatively simple approaches like the linear combination analysis (LCA), as demonstrated in many studies at ambient conditions (Benfatto et al. Recent high pressure/high temperature absorption experiments 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and theoretical calculations 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 on pure metals directly correlate changes in the XANES spectra and/or in the pre-edge to phase transitions, but to which extent these findings could be generalized to multi-component systems remains to be assessed. The X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) region of the XAS spectrum, also probes the unoccupied electron density of states right above the Fermi level 4, 5, 6, 7.
Combined together, they provide the possibility of microscopic investigation of the local atomic environment of a specific element in a compound or an alloy, irrespectively of the solid, liquid or amorphous state. The element selectivity and the local structure sensitivity are two of the distinctive characteristics that make XAS a very informative and multipurpose technique. Diagnostics presented in this work can be applied to studies over an even larger pressure range exploiting the upgraded synchrotron machines, and directly transferred to time-resolved extreme condition studies using dynamic compression (ns) or fast laser heating (ms). Additionally, we demonstrate the suitability of XAS to extract melt compositional information in situ, such as the evolution of the concentration of light elements with increasing temperature. The presented melting criterion seems to be general for late 3d metals bearing systems. Our results show that all these systems present the same spectroscopic signatures upon melting, common to those observed for other pure late 3d transition metals. Here, we investigated the melting curve and the eutectic composition of four geophysically relevant iron binary systems: Fe–C, Fe–O, Fe–S and Fe–Si. These characteristics can be exploited for studies of prime interest in geophysics and fundamental high-pressure physics. Applied to samples under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, XAS is sensitive to phase transitions, including melting, and allows gathering insights on compositional variations and electronic changes occurring during such transitions. The Dynamons™ games have been downloaded and played by millions of users and Dynamons Evolution is the next step in this thrilling franchise.X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used technique to probe the local environment around specific atomic species.
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